[5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. A Discussion of the Main Reasons for the French Successes in the Revolutionary Wars and Especially in the Campaign of 1794, perhaps his most famous and consequential treatise from 1797, is merely forty pages long, for example. [72], In September 2000, a joint expedition to find the sunken battleship conducted by the BBC, NRK, and the Royal Norwegian Navy began. Many of these hits had badly damaged the ship's secondary armament, which left her open to destroyer attacks, which Fraser ordered. View Full Report . [10] The ship was launched on 3 October 1936, witnessed by Adolf Hitler, Minister of War Generalfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg, and the widow of Kapitn zur See Schultz, the commander of the armored cruiser Scharnhorst, which had been sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands during World War I. Fitting-out work followed her launch, and was completed by January 1939. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. Friedrich Vedder is 53 years old and was born on 01/02/1969. Once the ship was back under way, twelve Beauforts launched a 10-minute attack that was beaten off by anti-aircraft fire and the escorting Luftwaffe fighters. [5] Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 4. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Prussia was still in the midst of its decade of neutrality, when after the Peace of Basel in 1795 it observed from a safer distance the continuing Revolutionary Wars and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Estorff displayed a different approach than Count Willem, for he believed wars ravages should be kept as far as possible from the homeland. Trevor N. Dupuy. Johann was born on July 23 1748, in Bordenau, Hannover, Preussen, Germany. [9], Scharnhorst was ordered as Ersatz Elsass as a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought Elsass, under the contract name "D."[4] The Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. The few instances of this personal experience now become the yardstick, and all similar occurrences are judged according to them, even if the circumstances and the results are marked by a greater diversity. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. Forced to take refuge in the furthest corner of his state, the city of Kningberg in East Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm finally embraced a far-reaching reform agenda. [45], At 23:00 on 11 February, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Prinz Eugen left Brest. The aft radar, which possessed only a limited forward arc, was the ship's only remaining radar capability. Unbeknown to the Germans, the British were able to read the ciphered Enigma radio transmissions between Scharnhorst and the Fleet Command; Admirals Robert Burnett and Bruce Fraser were aware of Bey's plan for the attack on the convoy and could position their forces accordingly. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. Husband of Margrete Scharnhorst Add to your scrapbook. The ship had an armored deck that was 20 to 40mm (0.79 to 1.57in) thick on the flat portion, increasing to 105mm (4.1in) on downward-sloping sides that connected to the bottom of the belt. 1807. 1 (2018): 33-44. The 15 Halifaxes attacked Scharnhorst at her moorings. He died on 7 April 1991, in Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany, at the age of 88. Scharnhorsts solution to dodge the restriction was every few months to send on leave veteran soldiers while their companies mustered and educated a batch of new recruits (the so-caller Krmpersystem). [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). When the officer in the General Staff has received a good education in times of peace, in times of war he will quickly become useful in many roles. Finally promoted to Artillery Captain at age thirty-sixa circumstance largely due to his non-aristocratic originsScharnhorst proved his mettle against French Revolutionary forces in the defense of Menen in present-day Belgium. Learn more about merges. [13] More information about the two lesser known members of the reform circle: Tiedemann was Clausewitzs best friend in the Kriegsakademie and also left Prussian service in 1812 to fight against Napoleon in Russia. Scharnhorst harbored a deep conviction that education and knowledge could empower officers and help them navigate a complex field. [31], Ltjens then decided to move to a new area, as the surviving members of the dispersed convoy had sent distress signals. Hoffmann served as the ship's captain until 1942. The economical but dense writing was typical for Scharnhorst. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. [20] Clausewitz provides a clear description of his mentors approach: Diffuseness was therefore never in evidence in his written work, for he kept correcting and revising his text until his exceptionally precise mind was entirely satisfied and not one word seemed out of place.[21] Neither did Scharnhorst make use of the vivid metaphors for which his student became famous. Scharnhorst's forward turret was put out of action by severe flooding. Family inheritance and improvement in social status allowed Scharnhorsts parents to dream big for their son, though. This meant Hanoverian soldiers had to prepare for active service in unfamiliar places and learn how to conduct the so-called small war or petty warfare: reconnaissance patrols, raids, and other small-scale operations. Florence was born on February 21 1895, in Illinois, USA. Completed in January 1939, the ship was armed with a main battery of nine 28cm (11in) C/34 guns in three triple turrets. [51] The shock damaged the rotating parts of all of the ship's gun turrets, and three of the 15cm turrets were seriously jammed. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). Catharina was born circa 1744. [71], "Gentlemen, the battle against the Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. [39] One of the 227kg bombs hit the deck just forward of the starboard 15cm twin turret next to the conning tower. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. ADS VIEW EMAIL ADDRESSES . It too failed to detonate, and passed through the side of the hull, which was not protected by the main armor belt. by Johannes Kunisch, Michael Sikora, etc., Vol. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). At 17:30, shells struck the forward 15cm gun turrets and destroyed them both. Work was completed by September, and the ship conducted further training in the Baltic. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. [7] Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 6. By 08:00, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. The first went through each deck and exited the ship through the double bottom, while the other was deflected by the torpedo bulkhead and penetrated the hull beneath the side belt armor. People Projects Discussions Surnames Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. The flooding caused a 5degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced Scharnhorst to reduce speed to 20 knots (37km/h; 23mph). Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. [48][49], Scharnhorst did not make the voyage unscathed, however; at 15:31 she struck an air-dropped magnetic mine in the mouth of the Scheldt, abreast of the forward superfiring turret. Admiral Wilhelm Marschall, aboard Gneisenau, ordered Scharnhorst to pick up survivors. The second 28cm round struck the ship's "X" barbette and disabled the turret. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. No one knew how well he would perform in a real war, however. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? The intention was to deploy the vessels to Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. [51], The ship struck another mine off Terschelling on the starboard side at 22:34. He ruled as an enlightened Prince over his tiny-but-independent principality of some 20,000 people, north of Hanover. Try again later. The RAF had planned a large, complicated raid on the capital ships in Brest for the night[citation needed] of 24 July, but an aerial reconnaissance photograph[37] of Scharnhorst in her berth at La Pallice caused a last minute alteration to the operation. Blamed for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the service in a swift and shocking move. Please enter a valid Memorial ID. They were detected in the Skagerrak and the heavy units of the British Home Fleet deployed to cover the passage between Iceland and the Faroes. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. More on Tiedemann, see Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 186-188 and 225, and Vanya Eftimova Bellinger, Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of ON WAR (New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2015), 127-128. Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. Email addresses. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. The explosive shock caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15cm mounts on the port side. Mobile number (517) 944-0346 . The reformers turned their attention to what Trevor N. Dupuy calls a system of institutionalized military excellence.[14] Napoleon was surrounded by capable aides-de-camp, trained in his own school of war, expert in various branches of service able to carry out independent assignments. It passed through the upper and middle decks before exploding on the main armored deck, which contained the blast. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were the covering force for the assaults on Narvik and Trondheim; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. While Scharnhorst was en route under heavy escort on 21 June, the British launched two air attacks, six Swordfish torpedo bombers in the first and nine Beaufort bombers in the second. The ship was built at the Kriegsmarinewerft dockyard in Wilhelmshaven; she was laid down on 15 June 1935 and launched a year and four months later on 3 October 1936. The explosion caused splinter damage and disabled the ammunition hoists for the 37mm anti-aircraft guns. Bruce Gudmundsson. A third shell hit the deck next to turret Caesar and caused some flooding; shell splinters caused significant casualties. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful; Scharnhorst's anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20mm gun had burst from the strain. Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. At 13:15, Bey decided to return to base, and at 13:43, he dismissed the destroyers and instructed them to return to port. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. But most people haven't heard of Operation Berlin, the time 2 German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau successfully broke out and raided the convoy lanes and influenced Bismarck's fateful mission. [52] Another attempt to reach Norway was canceled under similar circumstances. By 07:15, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing Renown. [9], For Clausewitz, Scharnhorst became something of a substitute father. [13] Mechanical problems with her starboard turbines developed after running at full speed, which forced the ships to reduce speed to 25 knots (46km/h; 29mph). Friedrich Georg Sauer (born 1978) is listed at 518 N Magnolia Ave Lansing, Mi 48912 and has no known political party affiliation. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Friedrich Scharnhorst (35136105)? Later that day, at around 14:30, the three ships came under attack by a force of British bombers, which failed to make any hits. The second and third turbines were restarted at 15:55 and 16:01, respectively, which permitted a speed of 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph). We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. The Hudsons dropped thirty-six 227lb (103kg) armor-piercing bombs, which all missed. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. Yet Napoleons general staff remained an organization built around his personal needs, without continuity and authority of its own. The original straight stem was replaced with a raised "Atlantic bow." Princeton: Princeton University Press, 199), 85-108. This is a carousel with slides. Please try again later. Two of the three turbines were jammed, and the third had to be turned off. Nothing in Scharnhorsts early life suggested that he would become a great military reformer and a Prussian war hero. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Hon deltog i slaget vid Barents hav 1942 och i slaget vid Nordkap 1943. [18] Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 235. The Scharnhorst family was not noble; they were free peasants, and his father served as a non-commissioned officer in the Hanoverian Army. [73] One torpedo exploded abreast of turret Bruno, which caused it to jam. Try again. Richard John Scharnhorst was born on month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois. 1-8 (Vienna: Boelau Verlag, 2002-2014). cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. [26] After approximately an hour of shooting, the German battleships sent Glorious to the bottom. During her first operation, Scharnhorst sank the armed merchant HMSRawalpindi in a short engagement (November 1939). Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. Scharnhorst detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. For the defense of his tiny country, Count Wilhelm relied mostly on his and his officers ability to resist foreign invasion and seizure of the states fortresses. Weve updated the security on the site. [60] By December 1943, the German Army was forced into continuous retreat. Bernd von Arnim, Paul Jakobi, Friedrich Eckoldt, Erich Steinbrinck, Diether von Roeder and Max Schulz. The water was quickly drained from turret Bruno's magazine. Only 36 men survived, out of a crew of 1,968. You can find a more recent study of Clausewitz and his relationship with Scharnhorst in Donald Stokers biography of Clausewitz too, Donald Stoker, Clausewitz: His Life and Work (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 28-32, 73-77 and 151-165. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. 07:15, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship struck another mine Terschelling! Side at 22:34 good at figuring things out and his father served as the ship from Wilhelmshaven! 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